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IP Command

سه شنبه, ۱۴ اسفند ۱۳۹۷، ۰۸:۵۰ ق.ظ

 

 

Show address:

ip: show commands:

  • ip help                                    ---> #Display ip commands and arguments
  • ip -4 a                                     ---> #Only show TCP/IP IPv4
  • ip -6 a                                     ---> #Only show TCP/IP IPv6
  • ip a list eth0                           ---> #Only show eth0 interface
  • ip a show dev eth0                 ---> #Only show eth0 interface
  • ip a show eth0                        ---> #Only show eth0 interface

addr: Display IP Addresses and property information(abbreviation of address)

  • ip addr                                    ---> #Show information for all addresses
  • ip addr help                            ---> #Display address commands and arguments
  • ip addr show dev eth0            ---> #Display information only for device

link: Manage and display the state of all network interfaces

  • ip link help                             ---> #Display link commands and arguments
  • ip link ls up                            ---> #Only show running interfaces
  • ip link show dev eth0             ---> #Display information only for device eth0
  • ip link                                     ---> #Show information for all interfaces
  • ip -s link                                 ---> #Display interface statistics
  • ip -s -s link ls eth0                  ---> #get information about a particular network interface
  • ip link set eth0 up                   ---> #Bring eth0 online
  • ip link set eth0 down              ---> #Bring eth0 offline
  • ip link set eth0 promisc on     ---> #Enable promiscuous mode for eth0
 

Add or Delete Address:

  • ip a add {ip_addr/mask} dev {interface}                             ---> #The syntax is as follows to add an IPv4/IPv6 address
  • ip a del {ipv6_addr_OR_ipv4_addr} dev {interface}          ---> The syntax is as follows to remove an IPv4/IPv6 address:
  • ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0                                   ---> #Add address 192.168.1.1 with netmask 24 to device eth0
  • ip a add 192.168.1.200/255.255.255.0 dev eth0                   ---> To assign 192.168.1.200/255.255.255.0 to eth0
  • ip a add 192.168.1.200/24 dev eth0                                     ---> To assign 192.168.1.200/255.255.255.0 to eth0
  • ip addr del 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0                                     ---> #Remove address 192.168.1.1/24 from device eth0
  • ip a del 192.168.1.200/24 dev eth0                                       ---> To delete 192.168.1.200/24 from eth0

 


neigh

neigh : ARP, Show neighbour objects; also known as the ARP table for IPv4

  • ip neigh                                                                                    ---> #Display neighbour objects(Show neighbour objects; also known as the ARP table for IPv4)
  • ip neigh help                                                                           ---> #Display neighbour commands and arguments
  • ip neighbour                                                                            ---> #View the MAC address of the devices connected in your LAN
  • ip neigh show dev eth0                                                            ---> #Show the ARP cache for device eth0
  • ip neigh add 192.168.1.1 lladdr 1:2:3:4:5:6 dev eth0              ---> #Add address 192.168.1.1 with MAC 1:2:3:4:5:6 to eth0
  • ip neigh del 192.168.1.1 dev eth0                                            ---> #Invalidate the entry for 192.168.1.1 on eth0
  • ip neigh replace 192.168.1.1 lladdr 1:2:3:4:5:6 dev eth0         ---> #Replace the entry for address 192.168.1.1 to use MAC 1:2:3:4:5:6 on eth0
  • ip n show                                                                                  ---> #Display neighbour/arp cache
  • ip neigh show                                                                            ---> #Display neighbour/arp cache

Sample outputs (note: masked out some data with alphabets):

74.xx.yy.zz dev eth1 lladdr 00:30:48:yy:zz:ww REACHABLE

10.10.29.66 dev eth0 lladdr 00:30:48:c6:0a:d8 REACHABLE

74.ww.yyy.xxx dev eth1 lladdr 00:1a:30:yy:zz:ww REACHABLE

10.10.29.68 dev eth0 lladdr 00:30:48:33:bc:32 REACHABLE

74.fff.uu.cc dev eth1 lladdr 00:30:48:yy:zz:ww STALE

74.rr.ww.fff dev eth1 lladdr 00:30:48:yy:zz:ww DELAY

10.10.29.65 dev eth0 lladdr 00:1a:30:38:a8:00 REACHABLE

10.10.29.74 dev eth0 lladdr 00:30:48:8e:31:ac REACHABLE

 

The last field show the the state of the “neighbour unreachability detection” machine for this entry:

STALE – The neighbour is valid, but is probably already unreachable, so the kernel will try to check it at the first transmission.

DELAY – A packet has been sent to the stale neighbour and the kernel is waiting for confirmation.

REACHABLE – The neighbour is valid and apparently reachable.

 

Add a new ARP entry:

  • ip neigh add {IP-HERE} lladdr {MAC/LLADDRESS} dev {DEVICE} nud {STATE}     ---> #syntax is
  • ip neigh add 192.168.1.5 lladdr 00:1a:30:38:a8:00 dev eth0 nud perm         ---> #add a permanent ARP entry for the neighbour 192.168.1.5 on the device eth0:

neighbour state (nud):

permanent The neighbour entry is valid forever and can be only be removed administratively

noarp The neighbour entry is valid. No attempts to validate this entry will be made but it can be removed when its lifetime expires.

stale The neighbour entry is valid but suspicious. This option to ip neigh does not change the neighbour state if it was valid and the address is not changed by this command.

reachable The neighbour entry is valid until the reachability timeout expires.

Delete a ARP entry:

  • ip neigh del {IPAddress} dev {DEVICE}               ---> #Syntax
  • ip neigh del 192.168.1.5 dev eth1                            ---> #invalidate or delete an ARP entry for the neighbour 192.168.1.5 on the device eth0

Change ARP state:

 

  • ip neigh chg 192.168.1.100 dev eth1 nud reachable ---> #TO REACHABLE FOR THE NEIGHBOUR 192.168.1.100 ON THE DEVICE ETH1:


 


Route

Route:Display and alter the routing table

  • ip route                                                                      ---> #List all of the route entries in the kernel[routing tables]
  • ip route show                                                            ---> #check the routing table information of the system
  • ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0          ---> #Add a default route (for all addresses) via the local gateway 192.168.1.1 that can be reached on device eth0
  • ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1            ---> #Add a route to 192.168.1.0/24 via the gateway at 192.168.1.1
  • ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0                       ---> #Add a route to 192.168.1.0/24 that can be reached on device eth0
  • ip route del default via 192.168.1.1                          ---> #delete default gateway                                     
  • ip route delete 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1        ---> #Delete the route for 192.168.1.0/24 via the gateway at 192.168.1.1
  • ip route replace 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0                  ---> #Replace the defined route for 192.168.1.0/24 to use device eth0
  • ip route get 192.168.1.5                                            ---> #Display the route taken for IP 192.168.1.5
  • ip r                                                                             ---> #display the contents of the routing tables
  • ip r list                                                                       ---> #display the contents of the routing tables
  • ip route list                                                                ---> #display the contents of the routing tables
  • ip r list 192.168.1.0/24                                              ---> #Display routing for 192.168.1.0/24

output:192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.10

 

Add a new route:

  • ip route add {NETWORK/MASK} via {GATEWAYIP}               ---> #The syntax is
  • ip route add {NETWORK/MASK} dev {DEVICE}                      ---> #The syntax is
  • ip route add default {NETWORK/MASK} dev {DEVICE}          ---> #The syntax is
  • ip route add default {NETWORK/MASK} via {GATEWAYIP}   ---> #The syntax is
  • ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.254                               ---> #Add a plain route to network 192.168.1.0/24 via gateway 192.168.1.254
  • ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0                                              ---> #To route all traffic via 192.168.1.254 gateway connected via eth0 network interface

Delete a route:

  • ip route del default                                                                           ---> #The syntax is[as follows to delete default gateway]
  • ip route del 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0                                                ---> #In this example, delete the route created in previous subsection:

 


Disable [or] flush:

This flush or f command flushes neighbour/arp tables, by specifying some condition.

  • ip -s -s n f {IPAddress}                   ---> #The syntax is
  • ip -s -s n f 192.168.1.5                    ---> #In this example, flush neighbour/arp table
  • ip -s -s n flush 192.168.1.5             ---> #In this example, flush neighbour/arp table
  • ip -4 addr flush label "ppp*"           ---> #disable IP address on all the ppp (Point-to-Point) interfaces
  • ip -4 addr flush label "eth*"            ---> #Here is another example for all the Ethernet interfaces
  • ip -s -s a f to 192.168.2.0/24           --->  #Delete all the IP addresses from the private network (For example) 192.168.2.0/24

output:

2: eth0    inet 192.168.2.201/24 scope global secondary eth0

2: eth0    inet 192.168.2.200/24 scope global eth0

*** Round 1, deleting 2 addresses ***

*** Flush is complete after 1 round ***

 


Txqueuelen

set the length of the transmit queue of the device using  ip command as follows:

  • ip link set txqueuelen {NUMBER} dev {DEVICE}    --->   # Syntax
  • ip link set txqueuelen 10000 dev eth0                           ---> #change the default txqueuelen from 1000 to 10000 for the eth0
  • ip a list eth0

 


MTU

For gigabit networks, set maximum transmission units (MTU) sizes (JumboFrames) for better network performance. The syntax is:
  • ip link set mtu {NUMBER} dev {DEVICE}          ---> #Syntax
  • ip link set eth0 mtu 9000                                         ---> #Set the MTU on eth0 to 9000
  • ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth0                                   ---> #To change the MTU of the device eth0 to 9000
  • ip a list eth0

Sample outputs:

2: eth0:  mtu 9000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:08:9b:c4:30:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.1.10/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1

    inet6 fe80::208:9bff:fec4:3030/64 scope link 

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


 


Broadcast:

Notice:By default, the ip command does not set any broadcast address unless explicitly requested

  • ip addr add brd {ADDDRESS-HERE} dev {interface}          ---> #ADDING THE BROADCAST ADDRESS ON THE INTERFACE
  • ip addr add broadcast {ADDDRESS-HERE} dev {interface} ---> #ADDING THE BROADCAST ADDRESS ON THE INTERFACE
  • ip addr add broadcast 172.20.10.255 dev eth0                           ---> #add 172.20.10.255 as broadcast on eth0
 

Multicast

 

maddr: Manage and display multicast IP addresses

  • ip maddr                                   ---> #Display multicast information for all devices
  • ip maddr show dev eth0           ---> #Display multicast information for device eth0


 

OLD and NEW Commands:

  • arp -a                                                      -----> ip neigh
  • arp -v                                                      -----> ip -s neigh
  • arp -s 192.168.1.1 1:2:3:4:5:6                -----> ip neigh add 192.168.1.1 lladdr 1:2:3:4:5:6 dev eth1
  • arp -i eth1 -d 192.168.1.1                       -----> ip neigh del 192.168.1.1 dev eth1
  • ifconfig -a                                               -----> ip addr
  • ifconfig eth0 down                                 -----> ip link set eth0 down
  • ifconfig eth0 up                                      -----> ip link set eth0 up
  • ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1                       -----> ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0
  • ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0     -----> ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0
  • ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000                           -----> ip link set eth0 mtu 9000
  • ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.2                    -----> ip addr add 192.168.1.2/24 dev eth0
  • netstat -g                                                 -----> ip maddr
  • route                                                        -----> ip route
  • route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0              -----> ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0
  • route add default gw 192.168.1.1                                                        -----> ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
 

Abbreviation:

Object Abbreviated form Purpose
  • link(l)                               ----> Network device.
  • address(a [or] addr)         ----> Protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device.
  • addrlabel(addrl)               ----> Label configuration for protocol address selection.
  • neighbour(n [or] neigh)   ----> ARP or NDISC cache entry.
  • route(r)                             ----> Routing table entry.
  • rule(ru)                             ----> Rule in routing policy database.
  • maddress(m [or] maddr)  ----> Multicast address.
  • mroute(mr)                       ----> Multicast routing cache entry.
  • tunnel(t)                            ----> Tunnel over IP.
  • xfrm(x)                              ----> Framework for IPsec protocol.


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  • ۹۷/۱۲/۱۴
  • behrooz mohamadi nsasab

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